Potential answers for "Like a stripped-back recording, briefly"

⭐⭐⭐⭐ LOFI
⭐⭐⭐ RETRO
⭐⭐ STARKNAKED
⭐⭐ DAT
⭐⭐ RESTORED
⭐⭐ TREBLY
⭐⭐ REDUB
⭐⭐ GEARS
⭐⭐ DENUDED

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