Potential answers for "Stripped, say"

⭐⭐⭐⭐ NUDE
⭐⭐ STARKNAKED
⭐⭐ RESTORED
⭐⭐ GEARS
⭐⭐ DENUDED
⭐⭐ BARE
⭐⭐ BAREDITALL
⭐⭐ PEELED
⭐⭐ NAKED

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